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Substrate damage and recovery after giant clam shell mining at remote coral reefs in the southern South China Sea
南海南部偏远珊瑚礁巨型蛤壳开采后的基底损伤和恢复
南シナ海南部の遠隔サンゴ礁でのシャコガイ貝の採掘後の基質の損傷と回復
남중국해 외딴 산호초에서 거대한 조개 껍질 채광 후 기질 손상 및 복구
Daños y recuperación del sustrato después de la extracción de conchas de almejas gigantes en arrecifes de coral remotos en el sur del Mar de China Meridional
Dommages au substrat et récupération après l'extraction de coquilles de bénitiers géants dans des récifs coralliens éloignés du sud de la mer de Chine méridionale
Повреждение и восстановление субстрата после добычи гигантских раковин моллюсков на удаленных коралловых рифах в южной части Южно-Китайского моря
Shengnan Zhou 周胜男 ¹ ² ⁴, Qi Shi 施祺 ¹ ², Hongqiang Yang 杨红强 ¹ ² ³, Xiyang Zhang 张喜洋 ¹ ², Xiaoju Liu 刘小菊 ¹ ² ⁴, Fei Tan 谭飞 ¹ ² ⁴, Pin Yan 阎贫 ¹ ²
¹ Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, CAS, Guangzhou, 510301, China
中国 广州 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 边缘海与大洋地质重点实验室
² Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
中国 广州 南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州)
³ Nansha Marine Ecological and Environmental Research Station, CAS, Sansha, Hainan, 573199, China
中国 海南 三沙 中国科学院南沙海洋生态环境实验站
⁴ University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
中国科学院大学
Journal of Geographical Sciences, 5 November 2021
Abstract

Giant clam shell mining (GCSM), a unique phenomenon occurring at remote coral reefs in the southern South China Sea (SCS), forms striking scars on the reef flats and damages the reef flat substrate. Through image analyses at three times (2004.02.02, 2014.02.26, and 2019.04.10) and in situ surveys at Ximen Reef, a representative site that has experienced GCSM, we quantified the GCSM-generated substrate damage and the corresponding recovery.

GCSM was estimated to have occurred sometime between 2012 and 2014, causing reduction in live coral subarea and formation of micro-relief as trenches and mounds. GCSM-generated damage was restricted to the reef flat. After GCSM, coral and algae subarea increased, and the trenches and mounds tended to be filled and eroded, representing a natural recovery of the substrate. The legal prohibition on human disturbances at the coral reefs contributed to substrate recovery at Ximen Reef. This case also implied that recovery of the other coral reefs that suffered from GCSM is possible.
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