A review and a statistical analysis of porosity in metals additively manufactured by laser powder bed fusion
激光粉末床熔敷金属中孔隙率的回顾与统计分析
レーザ粉体層融合によって付加的に製造した金属の気孔率のレビューと統計解析
레이저 분말반 용접 금속 중 공극률의 회고와 통계 분석
Revisión y análisis estadístico de la porosidad de los metales depositados en el lecho de polvo láser
Examen et analyse statistique de la porosité du métal déposé dans un lit de poudre laser
Анализ и статистический анализ пористости металла в расплавленном порошком слое лазера
Dawei Wang 王大为 ¹ ⁵, Huili Han ², Bo Sa 撒波 ¹, Kelin Li ¹, Jujie Yan 严菊杰 ¹, Jiazhen Zhang 张嘉振 ³, Jianguang Liu 刘建光 ³, Zhengdi He 何正娣 ⁴, Ning Wang 王宁 ⁴, Ming Yan 严明 ¹ ⁵
¹ Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Additive Manufacturing of High Performance Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
中国 深圳 南方科技大学材料科学与工程系 深圳市高机能材料增材制造重点实验室
² Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
中国 深圳 南方科技大学机械与能源工程系
³ COMAC Beijing Aircraft Technology Research Institute, Beijing 102211, China
中国 北京 中国商飞 北京民用飞机技术研究中心
⁴ Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
中国 深圳 深圳技术大学
⁵ Jiaxing Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Jiaxing 314031, China
中国 嘉兴 南方科技大学嘉兴研究院
Additive manufacturing (AM), or 3D printing, is an emerging technology that “adds” materials up and constructs products through a layer-by-layer procedure. Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is a powder-bed-based AM technology that can fabricate a large variety of metallic materials with excellent quality and accuracy.
However, various defects such as porosity, cracks, and incursions can be generated during the printing process. As the most universal and a near-inevitable defect, porosity plays a substantial role in determining the mechanical performance of as-printed products.
This work presents a comprehensive review of literatures that focused on the porosity in LPBF printed metals. The formation mechanisms, evaluation methods, effects on mechanical performance with corresponding models, and controlling methods of porosity have been illustrated and discussed in-depth. Achievements in four representative metals, namely Ti−6Al−4V, 316L, Inconel 718, and AlSi10Mg, have been critically reviewed with a statistical analysis on the correlation between porosity fraction and tensile properties.
Ductility has been determined as the most sensitive property to porosity among several key tensile properties. This review also provides potential directions and opportunities to address the current porosity-related challenges.
